Egyptian revolution of 2. Wikipedia. The Egyptian revolution of 2. January 2. 5 Revolution (Egyptian Arabic: ثورة 2. Thawret 2. 5 yanāyir),[2.

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January 2. 01. 1 and took place across all of Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "police day" as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Mubarak's presidency.

It consisted of demonstrations, marches, occupations of plazas, non- violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio- economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of Egyptian President.

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Hosni Mubarak. The revolution started by calls for protests from online youth groups. Initially these included liberal, anti- capitalist, nationalist, and feminist elements, but they finally included Islamist elements as well. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 8. Protesters retaliated by burning over 9. Watch Giovanna`S Father Online Facebook. The protests took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in all major cities across the nation. The Egyptian protesters' grievances focused on legal and political issues,[2. The protesters' primary demands were the end of the Mubarak regime and emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non- military government and a voice in managing Egypt's resources.[2.

Strikes by labour unions added to the pressure on government officials.[2. During the uprising, the capital Cairo was described as "a war zone"[2. Suez saw frequent violent clashes. Protesters defied a government- imposed curfew, which was impossible to enforce by the police and military. Watch Happily Never After Megavideo. Egypt's Central Security Forces, loyal to Mubarak, were gradually replaced by military troops. In the chaos, there was some looting by gangs which was instigated (according to opposition sources) by plainclothes police officers.

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In response, watch groups were organized by civilians to protect neighbourhoods.[2. International reaction has varied, with most Western nations condoning peaceful protests but concerned about the stability of Egypt and the region. The Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions have influenced demonstrations in other Arab countries, including Yemen, Bahrain, Jordan, Syria and Libya. Mubarak dissolved his government, appointing former head of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate. Omar Suleiman vice- president in an attempt to quell dissent.

Mubarak asked aviation minister and former chief of Egypt's air force Ahmed Shafik (who ran for presidency later) to form a new government. Mohamed El. Baradei became a major opposition figure, with all major opposition groups supporting his role as negotiator for a transitional unity government.[3. In response to mounting pressure, Mubarak, in another attempt to contain the crisis, announced he did not intend to seek re- election in September.[3. On 1. 1 February 2. Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak would resign as president, turning power over to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF).[3. The military junta, headed by effective head of state Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, announced on 1.

February that the constitution would be suspended, both houses of parliament dissolved and the military would rule for six months (until elections could be held). The previous cabinet, including Prime Minister Ahmed Shafik, would serve as a caretaker government until a new one was formed.[3. Shafik, seen by the masses as another Mubarak figure, resigned on 3 March, a day before major protests to force him to step down were planned, and was replaced by former transport minister Essam Sharaf.[3. On 2. 4 May 2. 01. Mubarak was ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protesters and, if convicted, could have faced the death penalty.[1.

On 2 June 2. 01. 2, Mubarak was found guilty of complicity in the murder of protesters and sentenced to life imprisonment, but the sentence was overturned on appeal and a retrial ordered.[3. A number of protesters, upset that others tried with Mubarak (including his two sons) were acquitted, took to the streets.[4. Mubarak was eventually cleared of all charges on 2. November 2. 01. 4,[4.

Egypt's prosecutor general announced he would appeal the verdict.[4. After the revolution against Mubarak and a period of rule by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, the Muslim Brotherhood took power in Egypt through a series of popular elections, with Egyptians electing Islamist Mohamed Morsi to the presidency in June 2. However, Morsi's government encountered fierce opposition after his attempt to pass an Islamist constitution that followed extreme Islamist views. Morsi attempted also to change laws granting himself unparalleled powers like no other president in Egyptian history. It sparked general outrage from secularists and members of the military, and mass protests broke out against his rule on 2. June 2. 01. 3.[4.

On 3 July 2. 01. 3, Morsi was deposed by a coup d'état led by the minister of defense, General Abdel Fattah El- Sisi[4. Watch Wild Target Online Facebook. Egyptians took to the streets in support of early elections.[4. El- Sisi went on to become Egypt's president by popular election in 2. Other names[edit]In Egypt and other parts of the Arab world, the protests and governmental changes are also known as the 2. January Revolution (ثورة 2. Thawrat 2. 5 Yanāyir), Freedom Revolution (ثورة حريةThawrat Horeya)[4. Rage Revolution (ثورة الغضبThawrat al- Ġaḍab), and (less frequently)[4.

Youth Revolution (ثورة الشبابThawrat al- Shabāb), Lotus Revolution[5. White Revolution (الثورة البيضاءal- Thawrah al- bayḍāʾ).[5. Background[edit]Hosni Mubarak became President of Egypt after the assassination of Anwar El Sadat in 1. Mubarak's National Democratic Party (NDS) maintained one- party rule under a continual state of emergency.[5. His government received support from the West and aid from the United States by its suppression of Islamic militants and peace with Israel.[5. Mubarak was often compared to an Egyptian pharaoh by the media and some critics, due to his authoritarian rule.[5.

He was in the 3. 0th year of his reign when the Revolution of 2. Inheritance of power[edit]Gamal Mubarak, Mubarak's younger son, was expected to succeed his father as the next president of Egypt in 2. Gamal began receiving attention from the Egyptian media, since there were apparently no other heirs to the presidency.[5.

Bashar al- Assad's rise to power in Syria in June 2. Hafez al- Assad's death, sparked debate in the Egyptian press about the prospects for a similar scenario in Cairo.[5. During the years after Mubarak's 2. In 2. 00. 6, with opposition increasing, Daily News Egypt reported an online campaign initiative (the National Initiative against Power Inheritance) demanding that Gamal reduce his power. The campaign said, "President Mubarak and his son constantly denied even the possibility of [succession].

However, in reality they did the opposite, including amending the constitution to make sure that Gamal will be the only unchallenged candidate."[5. During the decade, public perception grew that Gamal would succeed his father. He wielded increasing power as NDP deputy secretary general and chair of the party's policy committee. Analysts described Mubarak's last decade in power as "the age of Gamal Mubarak". With his father’s health declining and no appointed vice- president, Gamal was considered Egypt's de facto president by some.[5. Although Gamal and Hosni Mubarak denied an inheritance of power, Gamal could be elected; with Hosni Mubarak's presidential term set to expire in 2.

Gamal would run as the NDP candidate in 2. However, after the January–February 2. Gamal Mubarak said that he would not run for president in the 2. Emergency law[edit]Emergency law (Law No. Six- Day War. Although it was suspended for 1. Anwar Sadat's 1. 98. Emergency law extended police powers, suspended constitutional rights, legalised censorship[6.

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